造紙(zhi)廢水(shui)主要來(lai)自生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)的制(zhi)(zhi)漿和抄紙(zhi)兩個生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程。制(zhi)(zhi)漿是(shi)(shi)把植物原料中(zhong)的出(chu)來(lai),制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)漿料,再經漂白,這個過(guo)程會產(chan)生(sheng)大量的造紙(zhi)廢水(shui);是(shi)(shi)把漿料稀釋、成(cheng)型(xing)、壓榨、烘干,制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)紙(zhi)張,這個過(guo)程也(ye)容(rong)易產(chan)生(sheng)造紙(zhi)廢水(shui)。
制漿(jiang)產生的造(zao)(zao)紙(zhi)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui),污染(ran)最為嚴重。洗漿(jiang)時排(pai)出廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)呈黑(hei)褐(he)色(se),稱為黑(hei)水(shui),黑(hei)水(shui)中(zhong)污染(ran)物濃度很(hen)高(gao),BOD高(gao)達5—40g/L,含(han)有大(da)量纖維、無機鹽和色(se)素。漂白工(gong)序排(pai)出的造(zao)(zao)紙(zhi)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)也含(han)有大(da)量的酸堿物質。抄紙(zhi)機排(pai)出的造(zao)(zao)紙(zhi)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui),稱為白水(shui),其(qi)中(zhong)含(han)有大(da)量纖維和在生產過程中(zhong)添(tian)加的填料和膠(jiao)料。